Last updated: October 2026. Sources: NHS.uk, NHS inform, the NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA), the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the General Dental Council (GDC), GOV.WALES, the Business Services Organisation (Northern Ireland) and NHS trust dental services. All care advice and NHS charges verified on 1 October 2026.
TL;DR To clean dentures, take them out every morning and evening, brush every surface with a soft brush and soft soap or washing-up liquid over a sink of water, and rinse them after meals. Avoid toothpaste, hot water and bleach. Take them out at night unless your dentist advises otherwise, keep them moist, and keep seeing your dentist.
Dentures are common, particularly in later life. In England's most recent national adult oral health survey, carried out in 2023 and published by the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities in December 2025, almost 1 in 8 adults (13%) said they wore dentures, rising to 47% of people aged 75 and over. [1] Yet it is easy to fall back on habits that suit natural teeth but can damage dentures.
This guide brings together what the NHS (National Health Service) and UK dental services actually advise on denture care: how to clean dentures day to day, what not to use on them, whether to take them out at night, how to get through the first weeks with a new set, when denture adhesive makes sense, and which problems need a dentist. It also sets out what adjustments, relines, repairs and replacements cost on the NHS in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Your own dentist's advice for your particular dentures always comes first.
Denture care at a glance: the daily routine
The NHS sets out a simple daily denture care routine on its dentures page, and NHS trust dental services give the same core advice in their patient leaflets. [2] [3] The table below summarises it.
| When | What to do |
|---|---|
| Every morning | Take your dentures out and brush them with soft soap or washing-up liquid. Brush your gums, tongue and any natural teeth with fluoride toothpaste. |
| After meals | Rinse your dentures in cold water to remove loose bits of food. |
| Every evening | Brush your dentures again, and clean your gums, tongue and natural teeth. |
| At night | Take your dentures out, unless your dentist has advised otherwise, and keep them in water, a polythene bag with damp cotton wool, an overnight denture-cleaning solution or a denture bath. |
| Every time you clean them | Work over a sink filled with water or over a towel, because dentures can break if you drop them. |
How to clean dentures step by step
Cleaning dentures is a twice-daily job. The method below follows the NHS.uk and NHS inform guidance, with practical details from NHS trust dental leaflets. [2] [4]
- Prepare a safe surface. Half-fill the sink with water or lay a folded towel in it. Dentures can crack or break if they slip from your hands onto a hard basin. [2] [3]
- Take your dentures out and rinse them. Rinse off loose food with cold or lukewarm water, never hot water. [2] [5]
- Brush every surface. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or denture brush with soft soap or washing-up liquid, as NHS.uk advises, or with a non-abrasive denture cleaner or unperfumed soap, as NHS inform advises. [2] [4] Include the surface that sits against your gums, which matters most if you use denture fixative. [3] Brush gently, because bristles that are too hard can damage the denture. [6]
- Soak if you use a cleaning product. Denture-cleaning tablets or solutions can help remove stains and bacteria. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for how long to soak. [4] [5]
- Brush and rinse again. Brush the dentures again after soaking and rinse them thoroughly before you put them back in. [4] [5]
- Clean your mouth too. Brush your gums, tongue and any remaining natural teeth with fluoride toothpaste every morning and evening. [2]
You do not need special tablets to keep dentures clean. The NHS.uk method needs only a brush and soft soap or washing-up liquid, and soaking products are an extra rather than a replacement for brushing. [2] [4]
What not to clean dentures with
Many everyday cleaning habits that work for natural teeth or kitchen surfaces can scratch, weaken or discolour dentures. Scratches matter because a scratched denture is more likely to collect debris and stain. [7] The table summarises what NHS sources say about common cleaning products.
| Product or method | NHS guidance | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Soft soap or washing-up liquid | Recommended | The method NHS.uk gives for twice-daily cleaning [2] |
| Non-abrasive denture cleaner or unperfumed soap | Recommended | The method NHS inform gives [4] |
| Denture-cleaning tablets or solution | An extra, not a substitute | Helps remove stains and bacteria; follow the instructions and brush as well [4] |
| Toothpaste | Not advised | NHS.uk says it "could damage them", and trust leaflets say toothpastes can scratch dentures [2] [7] |
| Abrasive pastes or smokers' toothpaste | Avoid | Can scratch the denture so it collects debris and stains [7] |
| Very hot or boiling water | Avoid | Hot water can weaken dentures and whiten the plastic [5] [8] |
| Household bleach | Avoid | Can weaken and stain dentures, and tarnish metal parts [5] [8] |
| Hard-bristled brushes | Avoid | Bristles that are too hard can damage the denture [6] |
Vinegar and bicarbonate of soda. Neither NHS.uk nor NHS inform lists vinegar, bicarbonate of soda or other home remedies as a way to clean dentures. [2] [4] Both recommend soft soap, washing-up liquid or a non-abrasive denture cleaner, which are inexpensive and already in most homes. If you want to try anything else on your dentures, ask your dentist first.
Sterilising solutions. One NHS trust suggests a short soak in a sterilising solution once or twice a week, and clinical guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for denture wearers with oral thrush mentions baby-bottle sterilising solutions, but only for dentures that contain no metal. [7] [9] Because other NHS trusts advise against any bleaching product, only use a sterilising solution if your dentist has recommended one for your dentures. [5]
Cleaning partial dentures and dentures with metal parts
Partial dentures replace one or more missing teeth and sit alongside your natural teeth. [2] In the 2023 adult oral health survey for England, two thirds (66%) of the people with some natural teeth who were found to have a denture during the survey dental examination had a plastic partial denture, and 15% had a metal-based partial denture. [1] Metal-based partial dentures are usually made from an alloy of cobalt and chromium covered with gum-coloured plastic. [8]
Dentures with metal parts need a little extra care when cleaning:
- Check before using any cleaning product. NHS guidance from Oxford Health warns that "some cleaning products can damage metal dentures, so talk to your dental team about how to clean them". [5]
- Keep strong bleach away. Strong bleach can tarnish the metal parts of a denture and whiten the plastic. [8]
- Take care with wire clips. Clean around clips gently so you do not bend them, and ask your dental team how best to clean the wires. [5]
- Never adjust clasps yourself. Tightening a clasp is a small adjustment your dentist can make, and NHS trusts advise against altering or adjusting dentures at home. [10] [11]
If you have a flexible or soft-lined denture, ask your dental team which cleaning products are safe for it, because general NHS guidance does not cover these materials in detail.
Should you sleep with your dentures in?
Most people should take their dentures out at night once they are used to them. NHS.uk advises: "do not wear your dentures overnight unless your dentist recommends it - trapped food increases the risk of gum infections and tooth decay, plus there's a risk you could choke on them if you leave them in while sleeping". [2]
The first few days with new dentures can be an exception. NHS inform says that at first you may need to wear your dentures all the time, including while sleeping, and that your dentist or clinical dental technician will advise you on whether to remove them before you go to sleep. [4] Some NHS trusts suggest wearing a new denture overnight for the first few days to help you adjust, and then taking it out at night once you are used to it. [11]
Taking dentures out gives your mouth a chance to rest. [5] The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guidance for denture wearers with oral thrush advises leaving dentures out for at least 6 hours in every 24-hour period to help the gums heal. [9]
Research in very elderly people points the same way. A study of 524 people aged 85 and over living in the community found that denture wearers who kept their dentures in while sleeping had a higher risk of being hospitalised with, or dying from, pneumonia over three years than those who took them out at night. [12] It was a small study, with 48 pneumonia events, and it shows an association rather than proof of cause, but it is consistent with the NHS advice to remove dentures at night.
How to store dentures overnight
Dentures should be kept moist when they are out of your mouth. NHS.uk suggests keeping them in water, a polythene bag with damp cotton wool, an overnight denture-cleaning solution or a denture bath. [2] [4]
- Use clean, cold water in a clean container, and change the water every day. [3]
- Do not let them dry out, because dentures left dry can change shape. [3] [5]
- Never wrap dentures in a tissue, as they can easily be thrown away with the rubbish. [5]
- Keep them out of reach of children and pets. [11]
If your dentist has given you different storage instructions for your type of denture, follow those instead.
Looking after your gums, tongue and remaining natural teeth
Denture care is only half of the job, because the mouth underneath needs cleaning too. NHS.uk advises denture wearers to brush their gums, tongue and any remaining teeth with fluoride toothpaste every morning and evening. [2] If you still have natural teeth, one NHS community dental service also recommends spitting out the toothpaste after brushing rather than rinsing with water or mouthwash straight away. [3]
Your gums and mouth can give early warning signs. NHS.uk lists very red or bleeding gums, or bad breath, as possible signs of gum disease, a fungal infection or tooth decay, and advises seeing a dentist if you notice them. [2]
Oral thrush is common in denture wearers. NHS.uk describes it as "common in babies and also older people with dentures", and its prevention advice includes cleaning your dentures, not wearing them at night, not continuing to wear dentures that do not fit properly, and going for regular check-ups even if you have dentures. [13] Our guide to oral thrush in adults explains the symptoms and treatment.
Getting used to new or immediate dentures
New dentures take time to settle. NHS.uk says it can take a few weeks to get used to wearing dentures, and that it may help to practise taking them in and out and to eat softer foods until you are comfortable with your regular diet. [2] One NHS trust explains that new dentures may feel bulky and odd for the first few weeks, that you may produce extra saliva for the first few days, and that speech usually returns to normal within a few weeks, with reading aloud helping to speed this up. [7]
NHS trust leaflets offer practical eating tips:
- starting with soft foods and moving gradually to more solid food [7]
- cutting food into small pieces and chewing slowly on both sides of your mouth, which helps stop the denture tipping [7] [8]
- avoiding biting with your front teeth at first, as this can rock or tip the denture [7]
- avoiding chewing gum and very sticky, hard or sharp-edged foods while you adjust [8]
Sore spots with new dentures
Sore spots are common at first. One NHS trust notes that sore spots often appear 24 to 48 hours after you first wear new dentures, that your dentist can address any sore areas, and that sore spots can take up to a week to heal. [7] Another trust normally books a review appointment one to two weeks after fitting. [8]
If you can, wear the denture before your review appointment so your dentist can see exactly where it is rubbing. [3] [8] Never file, trim or adjust a denture yourself. [8] [11] On the NHS in England, an adjustment made not long after a denture is fitted counts as aftercare for the original course of treatment, so you should not be charged again for it. [14]
Immediate dentures
Immediate dentures can usually be made within a few days, for people who need a set quickly or are adding teeth to an existing set. NHS.uk explains that they "often need to be adjusted or replaced up to a year later" because your mouth can change shape as it heals after teeth are removed. [2]
Denture adhesive: when it helps and when to see your dentist
Denture adhesive, also called fixative, can help, but well-fitting dentures should not usually need it. NHS inform says: "If your dentures fit properly, you shouldn't need to use denture fixative (adhesive). However, if your jawbone has shrunk a lot, adhesive may be the only way to help keep your dentures in place." [4]
Some people find adhesive useful while they get used to a new set. NHS inform notes that at first some people feel more confident with their dentures if they use adhesive, and advises following the manufacturer's instructions and avoiding using too much. [4]
Adhesive needs cleaning off properly. Brush every surface of the denture, including the fitting surface, as part of your daily clean. [3] NHS inform suggests removing any adhesive left in your mouth with damp kitchen roll or a clean damp flannel. [4]
Relying on adhesive to keep your dentures in place is a reason to book a check. NHS.uk explains that dentures may become loose as your gums and jawbone shrink or change shape with age, and that you should see a dentist if your dentures slip or you feel they no longer fit properly. [2] Loose dentures may need relining, rebasing or remaking. [7]
Denture problems that need a dentist
Some denture problems need a dentist's attention. NHS.uk advises seeing a dentist if: [2]
- your dentures click when you're talking
- your dentures slip, or you feel they no longer fit properly
- your dentures are causing pain
- your dentures are worn or damaged (bring any broken parts with you so the dentist can check whether they can be repaired)
- you have very red or bleeding gums, or bad breath
NHS inform adds that you should speak to your dentist if "you have an ulcer or a sore area under your denture that does not go away". [4]
Mouth ulcers deserve particular attention. NHS.uk lists badly fitting dentures among the avoidable causes of single mouth ulcers, and advises seeing a GP or dentist about any mouth ulcer that lasts longer than 3 weeks. [15] A mouth ulcer that lasts more than 3 weeks is also one of the NHS's listed symptoms of mouth cancer, and although symptoms do not definitely mean cancer, "it's important to get checked by a GP or dentist". [16] Our guide to the signs of mouth cancer explains what to look for.
Worn or poorly fitting dentures can cause wider problems. NHS inform warns that if they are not replaced they can cause discomfort and may lead to mouth sores, infections or problems eating and speaking. [4] If your denture breaks, do not try to repair it yourself. [8] Our guide on what to do if your denture breaks covers repair options and costs.
Do you still need a dentist if you wear dentures?
Yes. Wearing dentures, even a full set, is not a reason to stop seeing a dentist. NHS inform says: "You should continue to see your dentist regularly if you have dentures (even if you have no teeth) so they can check for any problems." [4]
A check-up covers far more than the fit of your dentures. NHS community dental services explain that dentists examine your gums and the soft parts of your mouth, including your tongue and cheeks, so that infections, other mouth conditions or mouth cancer can be spotted at the earliest stages. [3] [5]
How often you go is personal. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on dental recall says the interval between check-ups should be tailored to each patient, from a minimum of 3 months to a maximum of 24 months for adults, and it applies to people with and without natural teeth. [17] Our guide on how often you should see a dentist explains how recall intervals are set.
Seeing a dentist or a clinical dental technician
You do not always have to see a dentist to have dentures made. NHS inform explains that you can see either a dentist or a qualified clinical dental technician to have your dentures made and fitted. [4] The General Dental Council (GDC) sets out when each is appropriate in its Scope of Practice guidance, effective from 1 November 2025: [18]
- Clinical dental technicians can provide dentures directly to people with no natural teeth, roots or implants.
- If you have any natural teeth or implants, a clinical dental technician can only provide a denture on referral or prescription from a dentist, who must confirm you are dentally suitable. In practice, this covers partial dentures.
- Dental technicians (who are not clinical dental technicians) can only see patients directly, outside a wider dental team, for denture repairs and shade taking.
Whoever makes your dentures, keep up your regular dental check-ups so your whole mouth is examined.
What denture care costs on the NHS and privately
NHS charges for denture work differ across the four UK nations, so the rules below are set out nation by nation.
England
NHS dental charges in England changed on 1 April 2026. [19] The table shows what common denture treatments cost.
| NHS denture treatment in England | What you pay from 1 April 2026 |
|---|---|
| Repair to a denture | Free, but if it cannot be repaired you pay for a new one [10] |
| Adjustment soon after new dentures are fitted | No separate charge, as it is aftercare for the original course of treatment [14] |
| Minimal adjustment, such as smoothing rough parts or tightening clasps | Band 1, £27.90 [10] [19] |
| Urgent appointment, which can include adjusting or altering dentures | £27.90 [10] [19] |
| Adding a tooth or clasp, relining or rebasing | Band 2, £76.60 [10] [19] |
| New dentures, plastic or metal | Band 3, £332.10 [10] [19] |
| Replacing an NHS denture you lost or broke | £99.60 per denture [20] |
Replacing a lost or broken denture has its own rules. The £99.60 charge, known as a Regulation 11 replacement, applies when an NHS denture is lost, stolen or broken by the patient, it must be done at the practice that made the original denture, and you pay it even if you usually qualify for free NHS dental treatment. [20] [21] If your denture needs replacing because of wear and tear or because your clinical needs have changed, the normal Band 3 charge applies instead, unless you qualify for free or reduced-cost treatment. [20]
Dentures are not one of the NHS treatments guaranteed for 12 months. The NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) lists fillings, root fillings, inlays or onlays, porcelain veneers and crowns as guaranteed items, so dentures fall outside that rule. [22] Our NHS dental charges guide explains what each band covers.
Free NHS dental treatment in England
You can get free NHS dental treatment in England, including dentures, relines and adjustments, if: [23]
- you're aged under 18, or under 19 and in full-time education
- you're pregnant or have had a baby in the last 12 months
- you've had a stillbirth in the past 12 months
- you receive War Pension Scheme payments, or Armed Forces Compensation Scheme payments and the treatment is for your accepted disability
- you or your partner receive certain benefits, including income-related Employment and Support Allowance, Pension Credit Guarantee Credit and Universal Credit (if your income is below a certain amount)
- you hold a valid HC2 certificate, which is available to people on a low income
An HC3 certificate through the NHS Low Income Scheme gives partial help with costs. [23] Treatment from a hospital dentist in an NHS hospital is also free, but NHS.uk notes you may still need to pay for dentures or bridges. [23] Our guide to who qualifies for free NHS dental treatment covers the rules in full.
Scotland
NHS inform states that everyone in Scotland is entitled to free NHS dental examinations. [24] Treatment is free for everyone aged under 26, for people who are pregnant or have given birth in the last 12 months, and for people with a certificated exemption because of income or benefits. Other NHS patients pay 80% of the treatment cost, capped at £384 per course of treatment. [24] NHS inform's published patient charge for a complete upper and lower set of dentures is £379.60, correct as at 1 November 2025. [24] NHS inform's charges page does not set out a charge for denture repairs, so ask your dental practice.
Wales
Wales charges for NHS dentistry through care packages rather than bands. [25] GOV.WALES lists a Denture care package of £86.40 for upper and lower dentures, with laboratory charges paid separately unless you are exempt from NHS dental charges. [25] Denture repair, addition or reline and denture adjustment can fall under the Miscellaneous care package of £25.00, again with laboratory charges on top unless you are exempt. The maximum total charge for a course of treatment is £384, and examinations are free for people aged under 25 or 60 and over. [25]
Northern Ireland
For Health Service (NHS) dental treatment in Northern Ireland, the Business Services Organisation (BSO) states that patients pay 80% of the gross cost of treatment up to a maximum of £384, and that repairs to dentures are free to all patients. [26] The BSO page dates the £384 maximum to 1 April 2007, so ask your dentist to confirm the cost of a new denture before treatment.
Private denture care
Private dental practices set their own fees for new dentures, relines, repairs and adjustments, so costs vary from practice to practice. Ask for the cost in writing before you agree to treatment. Our guide to NHS and private denture costs compares typical private prices with the NHS charges.
Caring for someone else's dentures
If you help a partner, relative or care home resident with their dentures, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on oral health for adults in care homes sets out daily denture care that is useful for any carer. [27] It recommends:
- daily oral care for full or partial dentures, such as brushing, removing food debris and removing dentures overnight
- using the person's own choice of cleaning products for their dentures where possible
- brushing any natural teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
- knowing how to respond if the person does not want mouth care or does not want their dentures removed
- checking whether dentures are marked, and offering to help arrange marking if they are not
One NHS trust also recommends labelling your dentures. [5] Our guide to dental care in care homes covers care home dental support in more detail.
Frequently asked questions
Can you clean dentures with toothpaste?
NHS.uk advises against cleaning dentures with toothpaste because it could damage them, and NHS trust leaflets add that toothpaste can scratch the denture surface so it stains and collects debris more easily. Brush dentures with soft soap, washing-up liquid or a non-abrasive denture cleaner instead, and keep using fluoride toothpaste on your gums and natural teeth. [2] [7]
Should I take my dentures out at night?
Yes, in most cases. NHS.uk advises not wearing dentures overnight unless your dentist recommends it, because trapped food raises the risk of gum infections and tooth decay and there is a risk of choking. Some dentists advise wearing new dentures at night for the first few days, so follow the instructions you were given. [2] [4]
How do I clean dentures without cleaning tablets?
You only need a soft brush and soft soap or washing-up liquid. NHS.uk advises brushing dentures with soft soap or washing-up liquid every morning and evening, over a sink of water or a towel, and rinsing them in cold water after meals. Cleaning tablets help remove stains and bacteria but do not replace brushing. [2] [4]
Should dentures be stored wet or dry?
Keep dentures moist when they are out of your mouth. NHS.uk suggests storing them overnight in water, a polythene bag with damp cotton wool, an overnight denture-cleaning solution or a denture bath. NHS trust leaflets explain that dentures left to dry out can change shape. Change the water daily and follow any specific advice from your dentist. [2] [5]
Can I put dentures in boiling water?
No. NHS trust dental services advise against soaking or cleaning dentures in very hot or boiling water, because heat can weaken the denture and whiten the plastic. Rinse and clean dentures in cold or lukewarm water instead, and do not try to sterilise them in boiling water at home. [5] [8]
How long does it take to get used to new dentures?
NHS.uk says it can take a few weeks to get used to wearing dentures. Practising taking them in and out, starting with softer foods cut into small pieces, and reading aloud to help your speech can all help. If your dentures keep hurting or feel loose, see your dentist. [2] [7]
Why do my new dentures hurt my gums?
New dentures often cause sore areas while your mouth adjusts, and one NHS trust notes sore spots commonly appear 24 to 48 hours after first wearing them. Your dentist can ease the areas causing pain, and on the NHS in England an adjustment soon after fitting should not be charged separately. Never file or adjust dentures yourself. [7] [14]
Do I need denture adhesive?
Not usually. NHS inform says that if your dentures fit properly you shouldn't need fixative, although adhesive may be the only option if your jawbone has shrunk a lot, and some people feel more confident using it at first. Use it sparingly as directed, and see your dentist if your dentures slip or no longer fit properly. [4]
How often should I see a dentist if I have dentures?
Keep seeing a dentist regularly, even with no natural teeth. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance says adult check-up intervals should be tailored to you, between 3 and 24 months. Check-ups let your dentist assess how your dentures fit and examine your whole mouth, including for signs of mouth cancer. [5] [17]
Are denture repairs free on the NHS?
In England, NHS.uk says denture repairs are free, but if a denture cannot be repaired you pay for a new one. In Northern Ireland, repairs to dentures are free for all patients. In Wales, repairs can fall under the £25.00 Miscellaneous care package plus laboratory charges, and Scotland's NHS inform page does not set out repair charges. [10] [25] [26]
How long do dentures last?
NHS.uk says dentures can last for years if you look after them properly, but they may become loose as your gums and jawbone shrink or change shape with age, and they can become worn or damaged. Relining, rebasing or a new set may then be needed. Ask your dentist to check the fit at your regular check-ups. [2]
Find a dentist for your denture check-up
Good denture care at home goes a long way, but it works best alongside regular visits to a dentist who can check the fit of your dentures, ease sore spots and examine the rest of your mouth. If you need a dentist for a denture check, a reline or a new set, you can search for a dentist near you on Dentists Closeby and compare the practices covering your postcode.
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